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Russia is a vast country comprising a large part of eastern Europe and the whole of northern Asia.
The traditional geographical division between Europe and Asia is the Ural mountains, which split the country from north to south.
The whole of northern Russia is within the Arctic Circle.
Russian climate ranges from cold Arctic conditions to hot desert and subtropical lands. The climate in Russia is characterized by long and extremely cold winters which prevail in all but a small part of the south of the country and short summer. During summer it often gets pretty hot. In Moscow, for example, it is not surprising to have summer temperature above 30C (86F).
The climate can be different in different areas of the country. Very cold Russian winters are explained by the great size of the land mass of Europe and Asia, which means that the country is isolated from the moderating influence of warm ocean waters; and the high latitude of much of the country with a northern coastline on the Arctic Ocean, which remains frozen for most of the year. It is softer near the Black Sea, this area has mild winters but it has a lot of rain all the year round. In the central areas of Russian, the difference of temperature between winter and Summer is huge, 30+ C in summer, and -30 C in the Winter.
Surprisingly, over much of the country temperatures in summer are quite warm, even during the short summers in northern and eastern Siberia. There is a rapid rise of temperature in spring, the season of the thaw, and an equally rapid fall of temperature in the autumn. Thus the main characteristic feature of continental climate in most parts of Russia is that there are only two seasons: winter and summer.
Spring and early summer months are the wettest over much of the country with rainfall of the showery, thundery, type. Winter snowfall, although frequent, is rarely very heavy and strong winds, the buran or blizzard, often sweep the ground bare of snow.
Links
Weather forecast for major Russian cities.